Catalogue of Spanish Grammar lessons

Spanish Grammar

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Other verbs ending in -ir and -er, and -zar



The –er and –ir verbs like leer, creer, caer, construir, destruir and oír are irregular in the preterite because they require a spelling change in the third person singular and the third person plural. This change consists on replacing the vowel i with a y because an unaccented i between two strong vowels a, e, u changes into a y. This contact of the weak vowel (i) with the strong vowel (o) comes into place when the endings of the preterite (-í, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron) are added to the stem of the infinitive. In the verb leer, the third person singular is not leió but leyó, and the third person plural is not leieron but leyeron. When conjugating these verbs, apart from paying attention to this double spelling change, notice the accents. Below are the conjugations for your study.
leer leí leímos
(to read) leíste leísteis
leyó leyeron
creer creí creímos
(to believe) creíste creísteis
creyó creyeron
caer(se) caí caímos
(to fall) caíste caísteis
cayó cayeron
construir construí construímos
(to build) construíste construísteis
construyó construyeron
destruir destruí destruímos
(to destroy) destruíste destruísteis
destruyó destruyeron
oír oí oímos
(to hear) oíste oísteis
oyó oyeron


Examples: Borges leyó el Quijote cuando era niño.
Borges read the Quixote when he was a kid.

Élla nunca creyó en la revolución.
She never believed in the revolution.

¿Cómo construyeron la cúpula de la catedral?
How did they build the dome of the cathedral?

El terremoto destruyó el puente y varios edificios.
The earthquake destroyed the bridge and several buildings.

¿Oyeron lo que dije?
Did they hear what I said?

El busto de Venus de Milo cayó de la estantería y se rompió en pedazos.
The Venus bust fell off the shelf and broke to pieces.

María se cayó de la cama y se rompió la nariz.
María fell out of bed and broke her nose.