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The Present Perfect - Part II

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We learned in the last episode that the pretérito perfecto (present perfect) is formed by the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber plus the past participle of the verb we want to use. Let’s mention now that in Spanish, unlike in English, these two elements always stay together, nothing can come between haber and the past participle.

--Adverbs ya, aún, and todavía can be placed either before haber or after the past participle.
a) ya (already)

Jorge ya ha regresado de Costa Rica.
Jorge has already come back from Costa Rica.

¿Has llamado ya a José?
Have you called José yet?

Ya hemos empezado las clases en la universidad.
We have already started the classes at the university.

Chicos, ¿han terminado ya de comer?
Guys, have you already finished eating?


b) aún & todavía (are interchangeable and both mean still/ yet)

Todavía no he visitado la nueva galería de arte.
I still haven’t visited the new art gallery.

Inés no ha terminado todavía la carrera de medicina.
Inés hasn’t finished yet her medicine degree.

¿Aún no han comido?
You guys haven’t eaten yet?

No hemos tomado aún una decisión.
We haven’t made our mind up yet.


--Pronouns are always placed before haber as well as adverbs “sí” and “no.”

Irene, ¿todavía no has comprado el regalo para Pablo?
No, todavía no lo he comprado./No, no lo he comprado todavía.
Irene, you still haven’t bought the present for Pablo?
No, I haven’t bought it yet.


¿Aún no has visto la última película de Almodóvar?
No, aún no la he visto.
You still haven’t seen the latest movie by Almodóvar?
No, I haven’t seen it yet.


Han visitado ya tus estudiantes el Museo Frida Kahlo?
Sí, mis estudiantes sí lo han visitado ya.
Have your students already visited the Museum Frida Kahlo?
Yes, my students have already visited it.



--alguna vez & nunca (ever; never)

¿Has estado en París alguna vez?
No, nunca he estado en París.
Have you ever visited Paris?
No, I have never visited Paris.


¿Te he mentido yo alguna vez?
No, tú nunca me has mentido.
Have I ever lied to you?
No, you have never lied to me.

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